If you're planning to study in Canada, you’ve likely heard the terms study permit and student visa. While many people use them interchangeably, they refer to two entirely different things. Understanding the difference is essential to avoid delays or denial at the border.
Let’s clear the confusion with a detailed comparison, a breakdown of the application process, what to expect at the airport, and how to maintain your legal status while studying in Canada.
What’s the Difference Between a Study Permit and a Student Visa?
Many international students assume that a student visa and study permit are the same. In reality, they serve very different purposes in the Canadian immigration process.
✅ Key Differences at a Glance:
| Document | Purpose | When You Receive It |
|---|---|---|
| Student Visa | Allows you to enter Canada | Issued after study permit approval |
| Study Permit | Allows you to stay and study | Issued upon arrival in Canada |
- Student visa (or eTA) is a travel document—it gets you to Canada.
- Study permit is a status document—it allows you to live and study in Canada.
- Both are required for international students outside Canada.
Once your study permit application is approved, you will not receive the permit in your home country. Instead, you’ll receive:
- A Port of Entry (POE) Letter of Introduction
- A visitor visa (Temporary Resident Visa) or an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA)
These documents allow you to travel to Canada, where a border officer will decide whether to issue your official study permit.
Applying for a Study Permit: How It Works
You can only apply for a Canadian study permit after receiving an acceptance letter from a Designated Learning Institution (DLI).
📝 What You’ll Need:
- Letter of Acceptance (LOA) from a DLI
- Provincial Attestation Letter (PAL/TAL)
- Proof of identity (valid passport)
- Proof of financial support
- Completed application form
- Biometrics and medical exam (if applicable)
Processing times can range from a few weeks to several months depending on your country of residence, so it’s essential to apply early.
Once your application is approved, you'll receive a POE Letter and a student visa or eTA. Remember, these do not replace your study permit.
What Happens When You Arrive in Canada?
When you land in Canada, your final approval takes place. A border officer with the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) will conduct an interview before granting your study permit.
📌 What to Expect at the Border:
- You’ll show your POE Letter of Introduction, visa or eTA, and supporting documents
- The officer will ask questions about:
- Your purpose for coming to Canada
- The school and program you’re attending
- How long you plan to stay
- Your financial stability
- Your ability or permission to work
🧳 Must-Carry Documents:
- Passport
- POE Letter of Introduction
- LOA from your DLI
- PAL/TAL
- Proof of financial support
- Proof of accommodation
- Return flight ticket (if available)
- Any additional documents listed in your visa letter
Even if Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) has approved your study permit, CBSA has the final say. They can deny entry if they find your documents incomplete or inconsistent.
Maintaining Your Canadian Study Permit
Once you begin your studies, you must follow the conditions set on your permit. Failure to do so could result in losing your legal status in Canada.
📌 Study Permit Responsibilities:
- Stay enrolled at a DLI
- Make academic progress
- Work only if your permit allows
- Notify IRCC of any changes in:
- Name
- Address
- Program or institution (especially after Nov 2024)
Since November 2024, students who switch post-secondary institutions must apply to extend or amend their study permit. This is a change from previous rules where switching schools didn't require a new permit.
You can update most information using the Government of Canada’s online web form.
Common Study Permit Conditions
Each study permit may include specific restrictions or allowances.
🔍 Typical Conditions:
- 🧑🎓 You must remain enrolled full-time
- 🧾 You may work off-campus up to 20 hours/week (or full-time during breaks)
- 🎓 You can only attend the DLI listed on your permit
- 📌 You must leave Canada when your permit expires unless extended
Be sure to read your permit carefully. Any violation may affect your ability to renew or apply for permanent residency later.
FAQs: Study Permit vs. Student Visa
❓ Can I travel to Canada with just a study permit approval?
No. You need a student visa (TRV) or eTA to board your flight and enter Canada.
❓ Can the CBSA officer deny me entry even if I have approval?
Yes. CBSA makes the final decision at the port of entry.
❓ What if I change my school after arriving?
As of November 2024, changing your post-secondary institution requires you to extend or update your study permit.
❓ Can I work while studying?
Yes, if your permit includes a work condition, you can typically work:
- Up to 20 hours per week during school
- Full-time during breaks
Understanding the difference between a Canadian study permit and a student visa is crucial to a smooth entry and successful study experience.
🟢 Recap:
- Student visa = permission to enter Canada
- Study permit = permission to stay and study in Canada
- You receive the permit at the border, not in your home country
- CBSA has the authority to approve or deny entry
- Always keep your permit updated and follow its conditions
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