Short on time? Here are the highlights:
- Economic Powerhouse: International students spent CDN$37.3 billion on tuition, accommodation, and discretionary items in Canada in 2022.
- Significant GDP Impact: This spending resulted in a CDN$30.9 billion contribution to Canada’s GDP, nearly a quarter of the country’s service exports.
- Job Creation: International student expenditures supported approximately 361,230 jobs in Canada in 2022.
- Looking Ahead to 2024: Projections indicate continued growth in international student numbers and economic contributions.
International students have become a vital part of Canada’s economy, culture, and academic landscape. In 2022, their contributions reached new heights, injecting billions into the economy and supporting hundreds of thousands of jobs. This article delves into the statistics, facts, and projections surrounding international students in Canada, providing an insightful look into their impact in 2022 and what to expect in 2024.
The Economic Impact in 2022
An economic impact analysis by Global Affairs Canada (GAC) estimated that international students spent CDN$37.3 billion in 2022 on tuition, accommodation, and discretionary items. This substantial spending resulted in:
- Direct and Indirect GDP Contribution: CDN$30.9 billion added to Canada’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
- Service Exports: Education services accounted for just over 23% of Canada’s total service exports in 2022.
- Comparison with Other Sectors:
- Surpassed exports of wood and wood products (CDN$25.7 billion).
- Outpaced fertilizers exports (CDN$17.9 billion).
- Exceeded electrical or electronic machinery and equipment exports (CDN$19.2 billion).
- Merchandise Exports Equivalent: Total international student spending was equivalent to about 4.8% of the total value of Canada’s merchandise exports.
Job Creation and Support
International student spending had a significant impact on employment across Canada:
- Jobs Supported: Approximately 361,230 jobs were supported in 2022.
- Full-Time Equivalent Positions: This equates to around 246,310 full-time equivalent (FTE) positions.
- Sectors Benefited: Education, housing, retail, food services, and transportation sectors saw notable job support.
Provincial Distribution of International Students
Every Canadian province and territory experienced growth in international student numbers:
- Ontario:
- Hosted just over 51% of all international students in 2022.
- Saw the greatest number of international student arrivals.
- British Columbia:
- Accounted for nearly 22% of international students.
- Quebec:
- Hosted approximately 12% of international students.
- Prince Edward Island:
- Recorded the highest percentage increase since 2000, with over 1,800% growth.
Average Annual Expenditures per Student
Long-term international students (enrolled in programs of six months or more) contributed significantly through their spending:
| Level of Study | Cost of Education (CDN$) | Cost of Living (CDN$) | Total Annual Expenditure (CDN$) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary/Secondary | $15,058 | $21,688 | $36,746 |
| Post-Secondary | $23,623 | $21,688 | $45,311 |
| Other Post-Secondary | $14,160 | $21,688 | $35,848 |
| Vocational | $14,160 | $21,688 | $35,848 |
Top Source Countries Driving Growth
The surge in international students was driven by several key source countries:
- India:
- 47% increase, reaching 319,130 study permit holders in 2022.
- Philippines:
- 112% increase to 32,455 students.
- Hong Kong:
- 73% increase to 13,100 students.
- Nigeria:
- 60% increase to 21,660 students.
- Colombia:
- 54% increase to 12,440 students.
Rapid Growth Over the Past Decade
- Student Spending Growth:
- More than doubled from CDN$15.5 billion in 2016 to CDN$37.3 billion in 2022.
- Average annual increase of nearly 16% per year.
- Study Permit Holders:
- Increased more than sixfold over the past two decades.
Projections for 2024
Based on trends up to 2022, several projections can be made for 2024:
- Continued Growth in Enrollment:
- Canada’s reputation for high-quality education and multiculturalism is expected to attract more international students.
- Economic Contributions:
- If growth trends continue, international student spending could surpass CDN$40 billion, further boosting GDP contributions.
- Job Support:
- Additional jobs are likely to be supported, benefiting various sectors of the economy.
- Diversification of Source Countries:
- Emerging markets may contribute to a more diverse international student population.
Factors Influencing Future Growth
- Post-Graduation Opportunities:
- Canada’s Post-Graduation Work Permit Program (PGWPP) remains a strong incentive.
- Immigration Pathways:
- Policies facilitating permanent residency for international graduates enhance Canada’s appeal.
- Global Competition:
- Canada’s education sector must remain competitive against other countries like the USA, UK, and Australia.
- Policy Stability:
- Consistent immigration and education policies will be crucial in maintaining growth.
Challenges Ahead
- Policy Changes:
- Any restrictive changes could deter prospective students.
- Economic Uncertainties:
- Global economic fluctuations may impact students’ ability to afford international education.
- Capacity Constraints:
- Institutions may need to expand resources to accommodate growing numbers without compromising quality.
Conclusion
International students are a cornerstone of Canada’s economy and cultural diversity. Their contributions in 2022 have set a high benchmark, and projections for 2024 are optimistic. To capitalize on this potential, Canada must continue to foster an environment that welcomes and supports international students, ensuring sustainable growth and mutual benefits for years to come.
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